Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Scenario - Essay ExampleTheir complaint is that the cops usually arrest them and leave the jerks who are usually with them. In this case, the jerks are their customers who are manpower. It does not make sense to them, and the observers that the natural law do not arrest the custody given that some of the men are matrimonial and therefore leaves their wives foe the prostitutes.One of the criminology theory applicable to this scenario is the rational choice theory (Akers & Sellers, 2009). In this theory, the assumptions that relate it to the social cause of crime is that of individualism. The law surf look at themselves as individuals, and they have to utilize their time to maximise their opportunities. The maximization of individual opportunity is usually driven by the self-interest that individuals have. The causa why this theory is applicable in this scenario is because of the selfish nature of the prostitutes who chooses to go to the street to for the personal benefits of acqu iring money from men without considering the fact that some men are married (Akers & Sellers, 2009).In the public perspective, the social crime committed by the prostitute is a social device to the society. It is a society that embolden the proper social behaviour that only married men and women should participate in the sexual legal action. The society also advocates for the proper use of sex that is for procreation. This is most-encouraged activity for the sexual tool. The prostitutes use the sexual tool as money making machine. They are also out there to tame some married men to be their customers. Since the society has put some guidelines about a family that states that the sexual satisfaction must be obtained from their legally married wives, prostitution tends to denounce this righteousness (Akers & Sellers, 2009).The punishment that accompanies this crime is usually short. This is because the law keepers do not see it as a big crime that need long term jail. This is becaus e the police usually try to disrupt them from

Issues in global economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Issues in global economy - Essay Example. Doctrine of invisible hand as also reflected in the thought of Adam smith mainly talked about the power of market economy over the state governing economy. He spoke about market mechanism that ultimately leads to the equilibrium. all gap between demand and supply will be automatically adjusted through the mechanism of market. The role of government here is nothing save to facilitate the process. Breaking of Soviet Union in the twentieth century strengthens this thought of power of market over state. This thought was the founding treasure of todays globalization and global economy. However the economists and the historian thought that at that place are many factors those facilitated the process of globalization. According to them, in 19th and 20th century many countries across the world faced the European imperialism that first makes them known about the world economy. Besides this the period saw a speedy development of sophisticated tech nologies that was never seen before. Rising of machine gradually cleared the new methods of reaping more profit. All this factors was seeking a process through which they could immingle for functioning global economics, trade and politics. The stage was prepared for processing of the global issues through the hand of the process of globalization. With respect to recent period there emerge some more aspects that control and assist the globalization process more rapidly. Today the progresses of international trade are mostly dependent on international commercial agreements such as FTTA, CAFTA, NAFTA etc. Such agreements have opened the door to the northern export and give more opportunities to the developing nations. forthwith the export processing zones operate as productive vicinities for overseas ventures, investments and employments. These zones are playing their role in many ways to support the economies by

Subway Smoothie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subway Smoothie - Essay ExampleOur company pull up stakes use four elements of promotional admixture, which include advertising, gross sales promotion, personalised selling and public relation. Advertising refers to the presentation of a standard message regarding the strengths, price and availability of goods or services by the marketer in an impersonal way (Weinreich, 2010). In this strategy, our main aim will be building the get off effect since our adverts will deliver a message that will hold up the product appealing to customers to taint it. Since fast foods have become a major concern, relaying a message on the importance of smoothie foods will pull more customers to buy the foods.We would also rely on sales promotion, which is the short-term use of incentives or other promotional activities that will stimulate the customer to buy our product (Urban, Sultan, & Qualls, 2012). This particular element helps bring short and immediate effect on sale as well as faster stock clearance. The technique will also help in the induction of customers and distribution channels and will help us win over fast food competitors. As a business, we will apply such sales promotion skills as rebate, discounts, premiums, and usable benefits, e.g. buy two get one free. The general benefit will be attracting peoples attention as well as inducing them since our new product will be available at a lower price.We will also rely on personal selling, which will enable our sales team have face-to-face interactions with the customers. Since it is a face-to-face interaction, our sales team will be able to explain the merits of our products directly, thus increasing the sale of the product. It is also a flexible element, meaning the seller may deepen the offer according to various situations. It also induces customers to buy given goods in order to satisfy their needs. Public relations is the last element of marketing mix that we will apply, which

The Effects of Humor and Incongruence on Word Recall Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Humor and Incongruence on Word Recall EssayFifteen undergraduates from the University of California, Los Angeles participated in this experi manpowert. There were 8 men and 7 women, age ranging from 19 to 30 years old. All 15 participants were enrolled in a research method class and they participated in the experiment as a part of a course requirement. Design A 2 x 2 (Type of sentence x image) within-subjects factorial design was utilise. The two autonomous variables were the type of sentence and the type of image with the several(prenominal) to the italicized word in the sentence. The two levels of the type of sentence were clownlike and nonhumorous sentences. The two levels of the type of image were co-ordinated or nonmatching images individual to the italicized oral communication in their sentences. Matching images depict the italicized word in their corresponding sentences. Nonmatching images did not depict the italicized words. The dependent variable was the number of italicized words mighty disavowed. Materials Sentences. Two sets of 20 sentences obtained from Schidmt (1994) were utilize. At the humorous sentence level, the 20 sentences had the hold still for rate for humor ranging from 3.08 to 4. 0. At the nonhumorous sentence level, 20 other sentences had the mean rate for humor ranging from 1. 25 to 2. 86. The intensity of humor was determined by participants using a 5-point Likert-type scale where 5. 0 was the highest humor rating. Using these two sets of sentences, quaternity lists were created, to each one with 20 various sentences. Random assignment was used to determine the placement of the sentences on the lists so that the serial positions of the sentences across the tetrad lists atomic number 18 different from one list to the other.The words that will be used for recall were always italicized across the four lists. Pictures. 20 Microsoft Word Clip Art images were used for the matching conditions. The images wer e obtained using the key words of the italicized words. For the nonmatching condition, 10 neutral key words (i. e. , sun, flower) were used to obtain the 10 images from Clip Art. The nonmatching images were randomly assigned to the sentences. each of the four lists has the same type and number of nonmatching images. Within every list, an image only appeared once.All images were 261 pixel by 159 pixel. All images were presented centered and below its respective sentence. PowerPoint slides. Computers with Microsoft PowerPoint program were randomly assigned to show one of the four types of sentences to participants. Four different lists each with 20 sentences and 20 images were obtained. Each list has 5 humorous sentences with matching images, 5 humorous sentences with nonmatching images, 5 nonhumorous sentences with matching images, and 5 nonhumorous sentences with nonmatching images.I counterbalanced the lists to control for order effect so that the serial positions of the 20 sentenc es are random within each of the four lists. To control for specific item effect, I use a balance Latin square to ensure that each of the 20 italicized words from the two sets of sentences appear in each of the four experimental condition. PowerPoint slides were used to present all the instructions, lists of words and pictures, and the first five math problems. Response sheet. A 8 1/2 in. by 11 in. paper were used to write the italicized words that the participants recalled.Distractor test. 10 arithmetic math problems were used as a distractor test. The first five math problems were presented in a PowerPoint slide and the next five math problems were presented in a 8 1/2 in. by 11 in. piece of paper. The reason why the distractor task was divided into both a PowerPoint and regular written exercise was to reduce as much of the demand characteristics of the experiments as possible. Participants write the answer to all 10 math problems on the paper. Procedures Participants were random ly assigned to a computer with one of the four types of lists.The experimenter told the participants to follow the instructions on the packet of paper given to them on how to access the presentation lists and the instructions presented by the computer. The experimenters made sure that all participants got to their respective lists before telling them to begin. Participants all started together. The instructions on the computer directed the participants to look the following 20 slides and try to remember as much education as they can about the slide. Each slide was shown for 7 seconds, one after another, and a blank screen was shown for 2 seconds between each slide. afterward all 20 slides were shown, a new slide informed the participants that they now have five minutes to solve both the five math problems presented in the slide and five math problems on the sheet next to the computer. The experimenter announced that time was up and told the participants to stop what they were doing and were to look back at the computer for encourage instructions. The final slide appeared on the screen and instructed the participants to write down as many italicized words as they can remember on the recall sheet.The recall test was an unexpected recall test because the participants did not expect that they need to remember the italicized words of the sentences rather than images or the content of the sentences. In the process of ascertain the number of italicized word correctly recalled, I used a lenient scoring criteria. If the main meaning of the correct italicized word was written if not the fine word, it would still be counted as a correctly recalled word. For example if the correct word was cheap but cheaply was written, it would be counted as one correctly recalled word.

To Be Accepted Essay Example for Free

To Be Accepted EssayEric Berne a Canadian-born psychiatrist mainly known as the origin of transactional analysis and being the author of Games People Play, once said, The moment a little boy is concerned with which is a jay and which is a sparrow, he can no long-lived see the birds or hear them sing. What Berne stated was that when you see flavor in your own perspective but are once habituated the reality of it you no longer will receive that chance again. The novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini reveals a story about discrimination and complyance in the invigoration of a Pashtun-Hazara friendship. Amir, who is a rich Pashtun, and Hassan, a Hazara, grew up together like brformer(a)s but always had the boundary of discrimination and tradition that Amir couldnt seem to disregard like his own male parent had. Dealing with the liveliness of being a Hazara can be deadly living in Afghanistan and for Amir to accept Hassan as a friend seemed unreal. Holding him back to p rotect his own friend over himself was never his own intentions, which lead him to live years in guilt.The conflict between the discrimination against Hazaras and Pashtuns is that Pashtuns believe that Hazaras are not real Afghans and therefore cannot be accepted thus leading many Pashtuns, such(prenominal) as Amir, to follow traditions that which he choose to ignore. Amir struggled throughout the novel to accept Hassan as a Hazara and tried every possible way to retreat Hassan from his life. In Amirs own eyes he did get along Hassan like a brother but because of his jealousy towards Hassan he seemed threatened because Amirs own father seemed to favor Hassan more.Although Amir lied and set Hassan up to get in trouble so he would no longer be a part of his life he consistently stated to himself, There is a way to be good again (2). Due to his duties as a Pashtun, Amir was told to believe that Hazaras are worth slight in life. At first Amir meant for good to be as if Hazaras and Pas htuns shouldnt be friends. Not having such a dramatic view towards Hazaras he still seemed to loathe them, although he told himself this towards the end of the novel again it was a way for him to show how he could fork over himself.Although Amir was successful in no longer having Hassan in his life and as much as he tried to follow his traditions as a Pashtun, he dwelled with guilt and yearned for redemption. By seeing Hazaras are nothing but sins, Amir learned the true value of acceptance and that wanting them dead would not settle his hatred towards Hassan. Loyal Miles stated that, Amirs cultural identity relies on the context of a traditional past compared against the realities of ethnic divisions and a war-fractured present. Miles declares that Amirs capability to accept Hassan is clouded by the reality of what is real.Amirs cultural identity demands duty and tradition but his realities of ethnic divisions, such as him being friends with a Hazara and allowing himself to frame his best friend by saying Hassan stole his watch, speaks otherwise allowing him to realize the importance of redeeming himself. Rahim Khan, Amirs fathers best friend, had once told Amir a story about a romance he had with a Hazara girl and how his family looked down upon him because of his stopping point to love someone who they pity upon. Khan said to Amir that, In the end, the world always wins.Thats just the way of things. (99). From what Khan said in the novel his start out fainted, his father spit on him and his sister threw water at him to make sure he was actually telling the honor about his love for a Hazara. Khan could sense that his choice in life was not acknowledged and that the world always wins was true. Khan used the word world to describe how the Pashtuns sire their own lifestyle and rules where trying to break and change traditions, such as having a romance with a Hazara, was not something that would be accepted.In the world of Pashtuns the alone contact you h ave with a Hazara is master-slave, to be friends let alone fall in love with one is declared wrong in their world. Thus allowing the worlds decision overpowering your own. When we first met Khan, we assumed he was similar to Baba, Amirs father, who accepted the Hazaras. Our assumptions though didnt think to know that Khan had a kind with a Hazara slave and he had to follow duty as a Pashtun and to end their love affair.While discussing his past problem to Amir Khan told him that You fall apartt order someone to polish your shoes one day and call them sister the next. Thus connecting to the power of the world and the traditions you face as a Pashtun. Harold Bloom stated, Rahim tells Amir the world is very strong and always wins but that, nonetheless, the matter probably worked out for the best. By agreeing that Khan believes that breaking up with his Hazara girlfriend would have worked out for the best shows that most Pashtun follow what their family traditions and life values dem and from them.After years of guilt and grief and learning of the truth about Hassan being his half -brother, Amirs acceptance rates towards the Hazaras and the reality of his lifelong problems soon came to his realization of what truly mattered. While waiting to set out news about his nephew Sohrab, Hassans son, Amir began to pray, There will be no floating away. There will be no other reality tonight. (345). By declaring that there be no other reality tonight we relate back to what Eric Berne stated about no longer seeing the birds or hearing them sing because this is where Amirs reality had finally set in.He now has learned that without Hassan it would have been a life changing experience. Knowing the reality of it all makes him acknowledge what he has got now that Hassan is dead. For Amir to have accepted Hassan at an earlier stage in his life instead of trying to remove he wouldnt have learned the true meaning of redemption of acceptance. Pashtuns mainly choose their family vi rtues not their own ain views because they are aware of the degrading consequences. Amir may have learned too late for Hassan but realized that it was his time to make things right with Sohrab to carry out him from slavery.Meghan ORourke stated that Amir had His hands are already stained with Hassans blood and that they cannot be stained with the blood of his son as well. Amir go away behind Hassan when he came to America, thus leading to Hassan death in the future. At the time not caring about what would happened to anyone but himself, Amir could have cared less let alone the fact that he never he knew Hassan had died until later on. After fighting for Sohrabs survival Amir learned to take him in and care for him for who he is and what he means to him, not what his cultural background is.Relieving Sohrab from child labor and the brutal lifestyle of a Hazara, he learned to remove his selfish being from himself. The conflict between the discrimination against Hazaras and Pashtuns is that Pashtuns believe that Hazaras are not real Afghans therefore cannot be accepted thus leading to the slavery, beatings and deathly causes towards Hazaras. Acceptance is key in the life of Amir, without learning to relieve himself from his traditions his life would have been forever filled with guilt.

Law Essays Tort Law School

truth Essays Tort Law schooldaysTort Law SchoolAdvise the various parties to their rights and obligations in relation to the two scenarios below. Answers should be around 1000 words each.1) Steve was employed as a causal agency small- build at the Chiswick school for girls. The school grounds were considered to be one of the most beautiful sites in the ara. Steves principal responsibilities were to keep the grounds in order and to image that the girls did non stray onto the parts of the grounds that were cordoned off. Vicky and Mandy, two 12, often strayed onto the prohibited argonas and, on one occasion, Steve used force to remove them, badly bruising Vickys arm in the process. In defiance of the schools express instructions, Steve often sought the aid of his brother, Mike, in policing the grounds. One evening when patrolling the grounds, Mike wanglelessly left a lighten up cigarette on a pile of papers kept in one of the outhouses, setting it alight.2) Brenda worked for one of the few remaining ember suppliers until she retired on the grounds of ill health in Feb of this year. She was, for the 15 geezerhood of her employment, involved in mainly manual work, loading coal into bags and trucks for delivery to the firms many business and reclusive customers. Six months before she retired, Brenda discovered that she had lung cancer. Her Father and Grandfather had been weighty smokers and had both died of lung cancer. Brenda was a social smoker. Brendas union representative advised her that several scientific studies had cogitate lung cancer to pic to coal dust. Such studies suggested that employees could alleviate such risks by allowing employees 30 minutes of light air after every terce hr shift.1) It is assumed that both Vicky and Mandy are pupils at the school for the purposes of this answer. Both girls may have an actuateion against the school in the tort of negligence. To establish an bring in negligence five essential criteria must be sa tisfied. In this display case it is necessary to prove that Vicky and Mandy are owed a legally recognised trade of care by the defendant. Next, a bust of that specified duty must be proven on the balance of probabilities. The girls must then demonstrate that equipment casualty has been suffered. ordinal it must be shown that the injury sustained came about as a direct result of the breach identified. Lastly it must be proved that the damage is non excluded in law on the ground of being remote. ie. it must be shown that the damage identified was reasonably foreseeable in the circumstances of the caseEach of these hold backs must be satisfied before Vicky and Mandy can be advised they have a sound case for to be compensated. Each condition is addressed below.In Donoghue v Stephenson. Lord Atkins described the range of the duty of care in negligence by way of a hammerulation that has been choose and utilize in numerous casesYou must take conceivable care to avoid acts or omis sions which you can reasonably foresee would be apparent to pervert your neighbour. Who, then, in law, is my neighbour?Lord Atkin proceeded to answer this crucial questionThe answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.It is easy to conclude that Vicky and Mandy, being pupils of the school, will be deemed neighbours of the school under this statement of the law. Given the likely existence of a duty the issue of breach of the duty of care can be investigated. In Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks it was stated thatNegligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. The defendants might have been liable for negligence, if, unintentionally, they omitted to do that which a reasonable person would have done, or did that which a person taking reasonable precautions would not have done.The occurrences indicate that Steve has been lax in his duty to keep the girls off from the property in question. This conclusion is suggested by the fact that it is stated that the girls often stray onto the prohibited areas. Moreover, Steves use of force in removing the girls is clearly and excessive and derelict response to the situation.It should be noted that these girls are only twelve years old and that Vickys arm has been badly bruised by Steves actions. It is coped that it should not have been necessary to manhandle the girls in any fashion, let alone to apply such physical force as to inflict serious bruising. It is concluded that Steves actions would not have been performed by a prudent and reasonable man, and that a breach of duty has occurred.The damage suffered by Vicky is clear and claimable. It seems that Mandy has escaped physical injury just there is a possibility that she has suffered aflame trauma and stress which may be claimable. Further particulars on this issue are sought.Causation is clear on the facts. The chain of events run from Steves use of physical force to Vickys injury is straightforward and unbroken. Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee (discussed below) is authority on this issue, which should present no significant barrier to Vickys claim.Remoteness of damage will not bar Vickys claim either. The Wagon Mound No.1 (1967) , provides that only damage which is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of a breach is recoverable in law. It is submitted that a badly bruised arm is a normal and natural consequence of the use of physical force as applied by Steve in this context. Therefore it is concluded that Vickys claim will not be defeat on the grounds of being remote.In light of the fact that we have satisfied each of the elements of Vickys claim in negligence she can be advised that she has a claim against both Steve and more importantly the School which employs him on the basis of vicarious liability. Vicky would be advised to focus on her claim against the School, given that the School will have the insurance cover to adequately meet any damages awarded. As stated, Mandy may also have a claim, but we need to know more about any emotional damage she may have suffered in order to offer reliable advice.Mike is not an authorised visitor at the school and can be considered a trespasser. The same negligence criteria described above are applicable and it is clear that the School is owed a duty and that Mike is in breach of that duty in carelessly leaving a lit cigarette on paper. The damage suffered is that done to the outhouse and surroundings by the fire and there is no difficulty proving causation or the issue of remoteness on the facts. Mike will be liable to compensate the School in damages and Steve is likely to be s ubject to severe disciplinary action if not dismissal as a result of his repeated breach of express instructions not to seek the aid of any other party in policing the grounds.2) There is a sophisticated and exacting legal regime imposed on employers for the purposes of promoting and safetyguarding body of work health and safety. Brenda has discovered she suffers from lung cancer and she has been advised that several scientific studies have linked lung cancer to exposure to coal dust, which was part and parcel of Brendas work for xv years.In the celebrated case Wilsons and Clyde Coal Ltd v English it was held by the House of Lords that employers are under a duty to provide1) a safe place of work2) a safe system of work3) full and appropriate training4) safe equipment and materials5) competent employees.Brenda may be advised to argue that her employer failed to provide a safe system of work be take the employer did not allow her a thirty minute wise(p) air break every three hours . However there are major potential problems with her claim. First, the strength of the evidence linking exposure to coal dust with lung cancer is unclear on the information provided in the brief. The status of the scientific studies linking the dust with the disease is unspecified.Thousands of so-called scientific studies are published each year and they are wildly different in substance, form and nature. It is necessary both to establish the credibility and influence of the studies in question and the strength of the link between the dust and the disease. Studies have been published over the years producing all kinds of results and conclusions, for example, linking the consumption of biscuits with heart disease and the consumption of b insufficiency pepper with lung cancer, but it is not necessarily the case that compelling and serious risks to health are thereby identified.By the same token it is necessary to establish that the suggestion made by the studies that employees could alleviate such risks by allowing employees 30 minutes of fresh air after every three hour shift holds scientific water. Therefore Brenda has considerable work to do in establishing that the evidence on which she is basing her claim is reliable and compelling. If the said studies or any of the considered conclusions of those studies are deemed to be of little value, then Brendas case may fail at an early stage for lack of proof, given that her claim must be established on the balance of probabilities before the court.The second major difficulty with Brendas claim is that she is a smoker, and that she comes from a family of weighed down smokers. Whatever the evidence linking coal dust with lung cancer, there is an enormous amount of compelling evidence linking smoking with lung cancer. The fact that both her father and grandfather were heavy smokers, and that they both died of lung cancer, suggests a genetic and social predisposition to Brendas current predicament. Brenda will have b een subject both to direct inhalation of cigarette smoke and presumptively the passive inhalation of cigarette smoke in the family setting.Brenda will have an uphill struggle convincing the court that her disease is linked to her exposure to coal dust at work and not to her voluntary smoking habit, which is known, both publicly and unequivocally, to cause the disease complained of. The issue of causation will be the of import and pivotal matter in this case and it is one that cannot be decided here. Expert medical evidence will need to be adduced on both sides and considered carefully by the court.In the case Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee a man presented at hospital suffering stomach pains, but was told to go home without even being examined by a doctor. The man later died. It transpired that the man had been poisoned by arsenic and that he would have died even if he had received the best medical attention available. Manifestly the hospital had bee n oblivious in failing to examine him, but that negligence was not considered to be the cause of death and therefore the hospital avoided liability.It is submitted that, subject to expert consideration of the relevant medical evidence, the same fate may befall Brendas claim. It may be deemed the employer was negligent in failing to provide the necessary fresh air breaks so as to ensure a safe system of work, but this may not be considered the ultimate cause of Brendas lung cancer in the circumstances.In addition to the further investigation specified above, it is important to ascertain the length of time Brenda was a smoker and the number of cigarettes per day that she smoked. It is presumed given the words of the brief that Brenda has now given up smoking.If Brenda can prove that the studies linking coal dust and cancer are compelling and that her own condition appears (on the balance of probability) to have been caused by exposure to the dust and not to her smoking (which is prob ably the highest hurdle), then she can bring a solid case against her employer on the further proviso that she can establish that the employer acted unreasonably in failing to allow her a thirty minute fresh air break per three hours. In order to fulfil the latter requirement Brenda will need to demonstrate that the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to dust was or should have been known to employers in the sector concerned.BibliographyRogers W.V.H., Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort, (2002) Sweet MaxwellCooke, J, Law of Tort, (2005) PearsonStephenson G., Sourcebook on Torts, (2000) Cavendish PublishingKeenan D., Smith and Keenans English Law, (1998) pitman PublishingKeenan, D. and Riches S., Business Law, Seventh Ed, (2001) LongmanWeir, T, Casebook on Torts, (2004) Sweet and MaxwellKelly D. and Holmes A., Principles of Business Law, (1997) Cavendish PublishingSpink P, Challenging Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace, Environmental Law Review, (2000) Volume 1 Issue 4, pp243-2 65.

Analysis of New Dawn Drilling Company

epitome of New Dawn Drilling Comp whatsoeverNew Dawn Drilling (NDD) is a company revolve ab exposee on identifying, acquiring and exploring bills and platinum deposits. It is also a major bunker in underground bore practiseances on conspiracy Afri flush toilet land. The company mensesly has its operation spread over 6 towns in South Africa.This report is evoked by carrying out investigative line of reasoning summary on NDD and its external environment to regard company position and ability to survive in the competitive dig sector of SA. The analysis go forth tending in developing a eagle-eyed term strategic plan to improve the business of the NDD Company.The good reputation that NDD has developed in the securities effort is usanced to develop a business dodging to make it a brand for cut trading operations and developing a niche trade for its drilling operations. The role of an information system in a business and how it apprise be used to coordinate the pape r civilize, development process and efficient workings of the regional offices is evaluated. habituate case, natural action and class diagrams be techniques used for modeling the information system. The assumptions do sewer be used to interpret the system in a number of contrary ways.1.1 Introduction to strategical Analysis toolsNDD throne use several TPI shtup use several analysis techniques to discover the potency of its business model, bandage exa dig the attributes of the business environment in which it figure outs. The techniques discussed below include SWOT, PESTEL and Porters Five Forces.SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysisSWOT analysis is a business tool used to evaluate the companys position in the market and its ability to survive. It helps to predict the capability of the organization. The distinctivenesss and weaknesses deal with the internal facts and factors of the business. The opportunities and threats deal with the external fa ctors of the organization. Exploiting the right opportunity and safeguarding against the analyzed threats can set a company asunder from their competition.PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological)The PESTEL analyses argon used to scan the external environment. The Pestle analysis factors be out of the businesses control as they argon always event to change. Still, they redeem a monumental affect they have on companys performance. They help the businesses to take a pro-active approach and be ahead of these changes instead of hastily ever-changing the products and processes. (Robert fall guy Brown)Porters Five forcesPorters 5 Forces can be best described by the succeeding figureFig Schematic diagram of Porters 5 forces. (Robert Mark Brown)They be used determine the, expected level of competitive intensity (Grnig and Khn, 2008, chap 11.1). They analysis help to detect which are the dominant forces which can control the business. Using Porters five forces concurrently with SWOT analysis will add more depth to the analysis (Mind tools, 2010)1.2 PESTle AnalysisPESTLE Analysis factorsHow does it affect NDDPotential ImpactImportancePolitical1.There is an increasing black unionism which has caused a significant change in South African government leading(p) to reforms in legislation.2. The Government has employed policy reforms which allow foreign direct investment in Africa resulting in transfer of new technologies for geographic expedition and drilling services, skills and production methods for efficient use of the mineral resource.3. The government has introduced ABET (Adult primary education and Training) to improve the skills and literacy of the people.4.The charge of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999) is been unendingly updated by implementing more stringent rules making it more difficult for companies to adhere to them. (Rapidbi,2010)Employees of NDD are benefitted.NDD can contact foreign companies for partne rships.More skilled labour to employ from.Additional cost might have to be incurredMediumMediumLowHigh weightyCritical occultCriticalEconomic1. South Africa is in a recession leading to low long term worry rates. The economic crisis had led to reduced tariff, taxes and fiscal deficit.2. The production of many prominent mining companies was halted due to accidents on site owing to reduced activity on the mining front. The cash and some other equipment casualtys also dropped owing to reduced growth.3.Global recession has weakened the rand has led to South Africa becoming a competitive place to perform drilling operations for mining industry.(Robert Mark Brown)4.The mining employers are drop and spending slight as the banks have reduced the lending tightened their budgets because banks are controlling lending more strictly.5. Presently, the drilling, exploration and any mining company for that head has been faced to spend the 5 to 10% of their payroll in the skill and develop ment programmes required for their perspective operations.(Rapidbi.,2010)Capital crunchLess Business to do. change magnitude rivalryCant borrow Money for expansion.Reduced profitsHighHighHighMediumMediumImportantUnknownCriticalImportantImportantSocio-cultural1.South African mining sector has lower levels of skilled employees than other sectors in the economy. But still they have strong mining culture which helps them produce new ideas.2. South Africa has a large presence of HIV/Aids epidemic and is extravagantly amongst young SA population. The mining sector is the deeply hit industry as the labor required by them is mostly young as the work required is physically taxing and dangerous.3.NDD has to keep in mind that when they have kittens their business topically or outside(a)ly they have to consider the local anesthetic preferred way of living and doing things.4.South Africa has growing ethnic, cultural and gender diversity leading to new opportunities as well as challenges.(Rapi dbi,2010)Labour with Strong mining background.Deal with discrimination which is bound to happen.Carrying out extensive research of demographic where they enter. care ChallengesMediumHighHighMediumImportantCriticalImportantCriticalTechnological1. Alternative cheaper and inexpensive sample retrieval techniques other than infield drilling can be used ex.RVC Drilling2. The implementation of information systems to the mining companies has helped them to mine site production reporting and accounting. It also helps them to calculate their love round material requirements and helps in creating wok purchase orders.3. South Africa has a commodious science base invested in improving Mining operations. They are continuously pushing the boundaries to automatize most of the processes considerd. It would help the companies to reduce labor cost.4. The lack of investment in Research and innovation in the Mining sector has generally contributed to lower levels of available productivity compared to its strong global competitors equivalent China and Australia.(Robert Mark Brown)Considerably reduce operation costs.Help manage Paper work efficiently.This can help reduce the labour costs due(p) to this NDD cannot compete with the inter-national local big playersHighHighHighMediumCriticalImportantUnknownUnknown1.3 Porters Five ForcesThreat of New EntryIt is unlikely that there is a threat of new entry as the capital required to set up a business similar to NDD is quite high. This can only be afforded by companies with huge balance sheets and strong set of contacts. The industry is highly correct which makes it difficult to enter. Few, but not all, exploration and drilling companies have established co-operation with mining companies to remain in business and these contracts are not easily awarded rivalrous RivalryThere are 25 local competitors of which a couple of(prenominal) have thrice the turnover of NDD. This shows that NDD is a piddling/medium player in a saturated mar ket. As the South African rand has weakened the mining operation have been slowed down resulting in increased competition to land the animated few projects. and will not be able to benefit from the economies of scale of the larger mining sector. Some local rivals have partnerships and acquisitions with the larger mining groups based locally or internationally. The companies cannot win the contracts by keeping their prices low as the cost of materials is going to increase due to recession.Bargaining power of BuyerThe negotiation effectuality of the customers is high because, for example, a gold mining company will try to merge with its larger counterpart involved in gold, diamond, platinum, etc and this may offer us to have a larger share of the market. Though switching from one buyer to another is difficult NDD can be able to exercise its market power.Threat of SubstitutionThe threat of substitution is a harsh reality NDD has to face. But the organizations out there which might pe rform operations similar to that of NDD are substantial but limited. There are no new companies entering so the threat of substitution tends to be low.Bargaining power of Supp falsehoodrThe dicker power of the supplier will be high. Drilling operations are going to remain consistent and they are going to need materials from suppliers. Due to the current economic conditions it has lead to prices rise and inflation which have made prices of the commodities required a bit unaffordable (oils, grease).This has threatened the supply-chain relationship.1.4 SWOT Analysis (Intelligence Phase)Strengths1. NDD is a company targeting copper, gold and platinum metal ores in Orkney, Randoftein, etc which the rich mineral belts of South Africa are.2. It has a consistent underground drilling business which will continue to be as the companies are obliged to carry out center sampling for safety reasons. (New Dawn Drilling, 2010)3. Their management team is good competent, experienced and have set of proficient expertise. (New Dawn Drilling, 2010)4. Surface exploration lends itself well to a high degree of automation which can help reduce labor cost and improve production rates.5. South Africa is a low risk sovereign country.NDD has focused its exploration and drilling operations only in South Africa which is justified by the old economic global events.6. Amalgamation of the orders at the central offices enables the company to buy at cheaper rates from suppliers. (New Dawn Drilling, 2010)Weaknesses1 The exploration business is extremely photosensitive so it requires a strategic business plan to survive and flourish.NDD does not have any sort of plan if they were going to lose a significant amount of business.2. In the current situation, NDD cannot track whether excessive replacements of parts are taking place at certain project sites.3. NDD has poor communication channels. The absence of centralized management system restricts the main office from accessing information in re al era. They have to wait for the regional sites to compile the information and mail it to them.4. NDD is symbiotic entirely on its underground drilling operations for profit as surface drilling business is merely making a profit.5. NDD has not in so far threatend into the mining sectors internationally. (Helix Resources Limited, 2010)Opportunities1. South Africa has been long involved in mining and it has a promising geological setting for other minerals. They can start applying for projects which include exploring and drilling for minerals like nickel, Rare estate elements (Rees), etc.2. To enter into international markets preferably starting from the African neighbors.3. The current shortage of high quality deposits has caused a huge market interest in new exploration activities. This can be a great(p) opportunity to rope in a few particular(a) projects from companies.4. Opportunity to merge with other companies in the mining industry, to benefit from shared knowledge, eco nomies of scale and offer more services like competitors.5. NDDs major chances of success lie in proving a reserve. This can be achieved by implementing latest or alternate drilling and exploration techniques.7. NDD can use farm-in-opportunities in regions which they think have dominance for copper, gold or any other mineral.8. A new employee shift system can be implanted to ensure drilling operations at non- peak metres. (New Dawn Drilling, 2010)Threats1. Exploration is inherently a risky business as it is very difficult to predict and only handful of exploration operations turn into production.2. Regulatory risk- If any changes happen to the health and safety rules or environmental laws and regulations, it would result in company bearing additional costs.3. Challenges from local and foreign companies performing the similar services are high.4. Over reliance on technology The PCs at the project sites will be linked to the emcee at Johannesburg for access to the application soft ware and database. So if the system is down it can bring the working of the business to halt. It is critical that the hordes are running for the activity based costing system to function efficiently since the business is based in two geographical locations. (New Dawn Drilling, 2010)1.5 Conclusion of the strategic analysis techniquesThe strategic analysis from the SWOT, PEST and Porters five forces indicate that the strengths of the company are outweighed by its weaknesses and threats. The business which the company is in operation(p) is very sensitive and strategic analysis of NDD helps us to conclude that the existing business policy will not help it to survive in the long term. The opportunities presented to NDD finished the SWOT analysis suggest how the business could target a specific segment in the market, rather than the mass market which is saturated as overseas manufacturers enter the industry in the UK.A major strength of NDD is the reputation and a small but strong foot hold in the gold and platinum ore bodies of mining industry. This opportunity can be exploited to the fullest by branding itself and using a the existing projects as a leeway to obtain new projects in the other mineral ore bodies like nickel or even the rare earth metals (REEs).NDD has a good working relationship with its mining employers and it is possible that the company can use this strength to carry out Research Development to implement new and latest drilling and exploration technologies. This might also help in finding and military service a gap in the current drilling services provided by the companies if it exists. (Helix Resources Limited, 2010)(Fin Metal Mining Ltd, 2010)The greatest weakness of NDD is a fact that it is a small player in a competitive South African mining industry dominated by larger organizations and also will not be able to compete on cost with their Asian counterparts.NDD needs to implement a management information system and streamline its operation s so that it can track the cost of drilling, keep a record of excessive replacement of costly parts and identify operations where costs are exceeding the income. The Management information system being implemented in the form of an activity based costing system can help to carry out the price fixing exercise with the mining companies.1.6 Five year Business planThe draft of the five year business plan for NDD is developed on the rear end of the conclusion of the strategic analysis of NDD using PESTEL, Porters Five Forces and SWOT.In the current situation NDD does not have any Strategic plan and their business is enormously sensitive depending upon the local and global market events. If NDD were to lose their current share of business they would have no way forward. Therefore, NDD needs to weigh its options locally as well as internationally as there are other countries too those are involved in mining. Branding, though quite rarely used in mining industry it is becoming an upcoming trend for companies to differentiate themselves from their rivals. They can concentrate on a particular market make changes to their employee work pattern and their business plan for the future1.6.1 SWOT-Design PhaseWeaknesses1. They dont have a system in place to estimate correct contract rates. Even if excellent changes occur in the contract rates they seriously impact the income stream.2. NDD is relatively a small/medium player with a turnover of up to 20 million dollars. NDD cannot have the same level of resources that are available to their big competitorsStrengthsThey can keep focusing on gold as it is a stentorian business.2. The company has a healthy pipeline of projects in hand with in minerals ranging from gold, copper and platinum spread over six geographically different areas.3. The annual price fixing of the contract enables the company to assess its variable costs in relation to the existing economic conditions.OpportunitiesNDD can brand itself for operations they are currently performing.They can implement Management information system to track materials and calculate contract pricing.They can enter the stock market making the unavowed business public.. A new employee shift system can be implanted to ensure drilling operations at non- peak times.Threats1. Economic Factors interest rates, political decisions, inflation al affect the mining industry very badly.2. Lack of Skilled workers Although the number of people entering the mining sector is high in SA, many lack the specialist skills required to carry out specific operations.1.6.2 Using Branding as Business StrategyNDD already has a reputed name as it is involved in projects spread over six geographically different towns in SA. This means that company can use some form of marketing strategies to establish itself as a brand in the services and operations they are performing.For branding NDD needs to consider two basic strategies. The first is to be different from the others and stress on the distinctive feature that NDD offers when it is employed by the organization. Every employer is willing to consider something different which is profitable for them. This can be a different work roster or an innovative system to perform operations required. The second will be to put through the NDDs vision, values and culture. While doing this if we stumble upon that a certain aspect of the company is not worth publicizing then we can always focus on the strengths we have derived from the SWOT analysis. This is a long term solution which will make the Company competitive as it will take some time for mining employers to develop confidence in them. Also, an important advantage is the fact that the amount of resources required for branding an organization go on decreasing with time as more and more Companies start noticing. (Helix Resources Limited,2010)( Fin Metal Mining Ltd,2010)1.6.3 Targeting a Niche Sector in Mining SectorNDD is currently working on 9 shafts link up to gold. This can use as an advantage by NDD by targeting all the gold shaft related projects. Most of the companies are focused on platinum markets which can help NDD reduce some of the perceived threats to its business by targeting the gold market. The mining sector is becoming progressively competitive and there any many big multi-nationals out there ready to put small/medium industries out of business.NDD can use the contacts from the existing gold mining employers to farther there ambition. They can even enter into partnerships with their current employers and sign future gold shaft contracts and ensuring a stability of income to their business. Due to NDDs previous and present track record the companies might consider entering into partnership. Even though there have been global recession, the gold production and mining hasnt been affected badly. They can also venture into international markets for gold related projects. They can start with applying for contracts in Zimbabwe and Tanz ania which are also rich for gold deposits and less competitive than South Africa.NDD compared to other companies in these countries can be termed as Medium/Big player which help give them an advantage. The labor and operating costs will also be low compared to SA. Thus targeting gold related operations can prove to be a huge safety net profit in these uncertain times. Though it cant be neglected that the Pestle analysis are going to dictate the income and pricing for the contracts. (Fin Metal Mining Ltd. 2010) (Otjihase and unmatchable Mines).1.6.4 Operating Strategic plan For NDDNDD can focus their existing strategy on the finding out near surface targets for gold (niche) or the other two minerals they are operating. This will allow them to perform underground drilling operations on surfaces which are suitable for open cut mining operations. This focus on areas which have a rich history for previous success, for example, targeting projects in areas of Kimberley Reef group will k eep the income cash flow constant in these current economic conditions. (Otjihase and Matchless Mines).NDD can also enter into drilling projects for minerals other than gold, platinum, copper .NDD can try uranium, nickel or the Rare earth elements (Rees).For uranium they can focus on exploring areas like Gauteng in Witwatersrand basin which are rich in content ensuring underground drilling operations to be performed on them for the mining employers to start their mining production. Similarly for nickel which is even easier as Phalborawa where they are currently operating are rich in Nickel deposits. They can acquire projects related to them as they are already well-known in that area. They can NDD can prioritize their accepting of surface exploration projects in the following sequenceIn areas requiring near surface exploration with mineralization targets not more than 70 m below which are extremely high potential for Mining operations.Targeting areas which have a mining historyArea s which have not been mined previously but seem to have potential for underground miningThey can also undertake projects from companies which require refurbishment for their shafts. The refurbishment for the shafts will include an underground drill program to take rock sample from the shafts and perform tests on them. This will allow the mining companies to help estimate the amount of mineralization left in the foots or hanging walls of these shafts. These contracts will not require any new technologies and investment from NDD as it is already doing it for its current employers in some way. This can be a way to expand their business. (Exploration Strategy, 2010) (Otjihase and Matchless Mines).1.6.5 Alternative operating techniqueNDD can also try out a different operating strategy for underground Drilling. At present, Diamond drilling is used for retrieving core samples which is expensive and time consuming. Instead of this, NDD can implement RVC drilling which give small rock sample s instead of a solid core which are easier to wager under microscope.Figure Rvc Drilliing (Delta Mine training center, 2010)RVC drilling requires a bit larger equipment but it has high rate of penetration and low cost per foot. This makes it windy and inexpensive than diamond drilling. This can help NDD reduce its operational costs. (Trevor Fletcher) (Otjihase and Matchless Mines).1.6.6 Going PublicThe other strategy NDD can adopt is making the hugger-mugger company go public. This will help it enter the South African stock exchange where people can buy NDDs Shares. This will also automatically serve as a purpose of branding as it will help the company get noticed. This will also help them to get international recognizition.They can enter into partnerships with the foreign companies which are looking to invest in Africa due to new FDI Policy implemented by South African government. This can serve as an opportunity for NDD to get projects locally as well as internationally.1.6.7 Employee shift systemAt present the company operations on site are carried out 7 days a week and 3 x 8 hour shift basis. This can be replaced by be 2 x 10 hour shift on a continuous basis. Often the drill started on one shift ends on anothers shift. This can sometimes cause delays. New shifts will minimize these chances and also save time. The overtime will be calculated above the set 10 hours reducing the costs incurred by the company. This will also help in decreasing the non-productive hours. (Shift Schedules, 2010) (Otjihase and Matchless Mines)1.6.7 Role of the director managing the futureNDD cannot change its operating strategies overnight. It will require a step-by-step process form the management personality (1 director) which is experienced and has a proven field experience. He will also play a major role in evaluating pricing for tenders, contracts and acquiring the projects. The employees are going to face a lot of social difficulties while trying to operate with new info rmation systems at offices and also new operating techniques on site. Therefore, the management has to solve the problems on site or the glitches in the information systems by appointing people for that purposes. Later, when the plans work he has to dedicate funds for their maintenance and continuous improvements. He will have to combine the top officials from NDDs regional offices and work unitedly for better future of the company.1.6.8 Legal Factors to be consideredThe stringent health and safety rules mean that NDD will face legal challenges to make sure the company and ply have been vetted by the government and have obtained a level of safety clearance deemed fit to carry out its drilling operations.. The company must follow The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999)which stated that the work equipment should comply with the strict and complex safety control procedures necessary for mine related operations. They must also have evacuation methods in place in case a catastrophe occurs. The business of the NDD is susceptible to a number of risks and hazards which involve labor disputes, on-site accidents, unforeseen geological and environmental conditions, cave-ins or even earthquakes for that matter. This can cause damage to the company equipments, properties or even death of the employees which can get the company into a legal mess. Therefore, NDD must have an insurance policy to cover itself if these calamities were to occur.. Companies providing insurances for mining industry generally at high bounteousness costs. Losses from these events might be difficult to recover from for NDD so they need to have them even though it is not on their terms.Chapter 22 a) Use case Diagram2 b) Class DiagramClass DiagramsActivity Diagram2 c) Activity Diagram2 d) Architecture of the Information system of rulesThe Johannesburg office has a server and 2 computers which are attached using a switch. This switch is used to create 2 subnets of which one c ontains the server while the other contains 2 pcs. This will assist in management and maintenance of the information systems and also help in future expansion. The switch is uniteed to the router which is in turn connected to the internet through a firewall. This firewall will protect the internal network and also handle the VPN lodges from the regional offices.The regional offices will use local internet providers to connect to the internet. This will be much cheaper and flexible than having private dedicated lines from the regional offices to the main office.Network connectionsAn Ethernet cable is used to connection between the PCs and the router and the router and the server is carried out using an Ethernet cable.All pc at the regional offices will have internet connection so that they are connected to the server in Johannesburg. As a security measure firewall will be placed between the internet connection and the server. Barcode readers will be made mobile by connecting them t o the pc using a wireless connection.. Virtual private networks (VPN) will be used over the network connection for the pcs to air with the server in Johannesburg (Beynon-Davies)Software requiredWindows NT is used as the operating system and server software. The software will have applications such as purchasing, forge processing, activity based costing system, and stock control .The pcs at regional offices will have installed the windows operating system and must log in to the server to use the applications. Pcs will be equipped with software linked to the server for barcode reading procedures. (Beynon-Davies)SecurityA firewall is in place to stop any illegitimate access. There is log in system available on each pc to restrict it to only employees of the company.VPNs are used by the regional offices to connect to the Johannesburg server over any other unsecured network connection. (Beynon-Davies)Chapter 3 ConclusionThe report gives a wide perspective by carrying out analysis of N DD and how developing and implementing a strategic business plan can help the NDDs business to survive and grow in a competitive environment.It is extremely snappy to understand that decisions made using the strategic analysis techniques are based on assumptions for, e.g. will the investment be made by the company venture into international markets, or will they invest in the equipments necessary for exploring minerals ore bodies other than gold, copper and platinum, train its employees for this purpose and also finding and providing drilling services which are yet not out there in the maket.NDD must also be willing to spend to buy new automated drilling machines if they are available or invest in automating their existing machinesNDD must understand that the analysis techniques have their limitations and realize that committing itself to sudden change by undertaking projects for different minerals or REEs might be risky, although the risk can be well afforded as it is likely that if the business continues to function as it is of now it would be pushed out of the mining sector by local and overseas competitors entering the South African mining industry.Moving into exploring and drilling for other mineral ores such as nickel,REEs,etc or expanding into foreign markets can have their share of threats as it is likely that there are specific companies who will have built a great deal of experience in the field and have long term strategic contracts with their customers. New players like NDD, may be ignored by customers in the international or local untried mineral markets because they may be perceived to not have the necessary skills to serve the industry